The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) has undertaken an extensive study collecting STR-data from 24 European populations (5700 profiles) using the AMPFLSTR SGM Plus system [6], which has become one of the standard STR multiplexes to be used within Europe for the purpose of constructing national DNA criminal intelligence databases. This allele proportion (frequency) database - further referred to as the 'ENFSI DNA WG STR Population Database' - can be used to calculate match probabilities of DNA profiles from cosmopolitan Caucasian populations across all Europe, regardless of their specific country of origin. 

The ability to identify male-specific DNA renders polymorphic Y-chromosomal sequences an invaluable addition to the standard panel of autosomal loci used in forensic genetics. Y-STR haplotyping is particularly important for sensitive typing of male DNA in mixed stains as well as for rapid assortment of biological crime scene evidence. Moreover, Y chromosomal profiling can trace back paternal lineages into the past and has thus been proven a useful tool in genealogical and kinship testing. The individuality of the male-specific part of the Y chromosome can be optimally explored by the Y-STR haplotype analysis using a set of highly variable short tandem repeat markers approved by the forensic and scientific community.