mtDNA HVR1 and HVR2

Purpose of test:  This is the core mtDNA test for individuals wishing to trace their maternal ancestry.  This test examines the entire HVR1 region of the mtDNA to derive ancestral information for the maternal line (mother's mother's line).  The results of this test can be used for Ethnic and Geographic Origins analysis, verification of linkage on maternal line, maternal line searches and mtDNA haplogroup prediction. 

Availability:  Open to both males and females.

Prerequisites:  None

mtDNA Haplogroup Backbone SNP Test

Purpose of test:  To confirm an individual’s predicted mtDNA haplogroup (deep ancestry on maternal line) by testing informative SNP markers in the coding region of the mtDNA.

Availability:  Open to both males and females.

Prerequisites:  HVR1 test and HVR2 test are prerequisites.  Must be ordered in conjunction with or subsequent to the HVR1 test and preferably the HVR2 test.  Your mtDNA haplogroup is confirmed by examining markers in all three regions of the mtDNA.

mtDNA H Subclade SNP Test

Purpose of test:  To provide individuals who are confirmed members of mtDNA Haplogroup H with further resolution through H Subclade analysis.

Availability:  Open to both males and females who are confirmed members of mtDNA Haplogroup H.


Prerequisites:  The HVR1 Test, HVR2 Test, and mtDNA Haplogroup Backbone SNP Test are prerequisites for the mtDNA H Subclade Test.  Your membership in Haplogroup H must be confirmed before you can proceed with H Subclade testing.

Full mtDNA Sequencing Upgrade

This upgrade sequences the entire Coding Region of the mtDNA, so the entire mtDNA will be decoded and no other mtDNA test will ever be required.  This upgrade is only available to individuals who have already tested the HVR1 and HVR2 regions of their mtDNA.